PERMIAN PERIOD (298,9-251,902 Ma)
Type area in Perm, Russia.

Main events: giant dragonflies and supercontinent Pangaea.

Lifeforms: the group of mammals, reptiles and seed plants diversified. The first modern trees appeared, and giant dragonflies were abundant.

Paleoenvironment: all the continents had joined in a single supercontinent, Pangea, surrounded by global ocean Panthalassa. The southern area of Pangaea was subjected to glaciation but towards the middle of the period the glaciers started to recede. The climate inside the supercontinent was extreme continental, with huge desert areas. In areas near the coasts of the northern hemisphere, the climate was temperate, with heavy seasonal rainfall.

Cobblestones: Aneto-Maladeta granite (granodiorite) and Peranera conglomerate and red sandstone.